The capital of the Municipality - the coastal Town of Pythagorio - is the ancient City of Samos.
The Municipality of Pythagorio covers the geographical area of the Valley of Chora, the southeast part of Samos. To the east towards the coast of Asia Minor lie the historical straights of Mikali.

The overall area of the Municipality is 165 km� approx. and it comprises the valley, the semi-mountainous and the mountainous zones.

In the valley lies Pythagorio the capital of the Municipality, Chora, Potokaki, Miloi and Iraion. This part has a diverse economy oriented to tourism, commerce, fishing and agriculture.
In this area the Marina the port of Pythagorio and the fishing port of Iraion are also located. In addition, the island�s airport, public services, banks and the most important archaeological sites are to be found here.

The semi-mountainous zone includes the villages of Pagondas, Mavratzaioi and Mitilinioi. The mountainous zone includes the villages of Spatharaioi, Pirgos, Koumaradaioi, Mesogeio and Pandroso. The main economic activity here is agriculture (vineyards - olive fields), stock-raising, apiculture and artisan operations of local pottery, textiles and aromatic herbs.

The population is 10.000 inhabitants, a numbers which doubles during the summer tourist season.