The area of the Municipality of Pythagorio contains the most fertile valleys of the island; it enjoys the best climate and features seaports that are not affected by the strong north.
This is why throughout the long century history of Samos this was the geographical area where civilization grew and where the capital of the island was until the middle of the 19yh century.

Many civilizations have inhabited the area of Pythagoreio, since the 3rd millennium B.C.
The archaeological sites of Pythagoreion, an ancient fortified port with Greek and Roman monuments and the spectacular tunnel- aqueduct, as well as the Heraion, the most celebrated Temple of Hera in antiquity, impress every visitor and scholar.