The 1562 the sultan�s admiral Kilidz Pashas due to a sea storm unbarks in Samos. He was deeply impressed by the natural beauty of the island and after the erg of his officer Nikolaos Sarakinis from Patmos, he asked from the sultan to place the island under his control and to recolonize it.

With the sultans decree a lot of privileges were given to Christians who would colonize Samos and it was strictly forbidden for a Turk to inhabit the island or even stay there for a brief time. Greeks from all over Greece colonized the island. The names of their place of origin can still be found in the names of existing villages such as: Mitilinioi, Arvanites, Koumaioi from Kimi, Vourliotes from Vourla of Minor Asia, Pagondas from the village with the same name in Evoia, Moraitohori etc.

In 1673, according to the English traveler Randolph, the population of Samos was 10000 people

In 1800 the French Tournof reports that the exquisite Samos wine was being exported to France and that there was an important production of silk.